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Technical Bulletins - Authentication 101

Token - Smart Card
The smart card is one of the latest additions to the world of information technology. Similar in size to today's plastic payment card, the smart card has a microprocessor or memory chip embedded in it that, when coupled with a reader, has the processing power to serve many different applications. As an access-control device, smart cards make personal and business data available only to the appropriate users. Another application provides users with the ability to make a purchase or exchange value. Smart cards provide data portability, security and convenience.

Smart cards come in two basic varieties: memory and microprocessor. Memory cards simply store data and can be viewed as a small floppy disk with optional security. A microprocessor card, on the other hand, can add, delete and manipulate information in its memory on the card. Similar to a miniature computer, a microprocessor card has an input/output port operating system and hard disk with built-in security features. Advanced smart cards feature a cryptographic co-processor and the most advanced devices offer a combination of digital signature, on-board key generation and electronic payment with multi-application functionality.

Smart cards and hardware tokens provide both greater mobility and enhanced security by allowing users to carry their digital certificates with them. Most cards supports RSA Labs' Public Key Cryptography Standard (PKCS) #11 and X.509 version 3 certificates. With a digital certificate stored on a smart card or hardware token, users can remotely access protected data stored on corporate networks or send and receive encrypted email from other computers in their enterprise, at home, or from airport kiosks while they're on the road.

Smart cards have been deployed in a number of environments. Businesses, the government and healthcare organizations continue to move towards storing and releasing information via networks, Intranets, extranets and the Internet. These organizations are turning to smart cards to make this information readily available to those who need it, while at the same time protecting the privacy of individuals and keeping their informational assets safe from hacking and other unwanted intrusions. In this capacity, smart cards enable:

  • Secure logon and authentication of users to PCs and networks
  • Secure e-commerce
  • Storage of digital certificates, credentials and passwords
  • Encryption of sensitive data

Smart cards also provide benefits for a host of commercial applications. The smart card's portability and ability to be updated make it a technology well suited for connecting the virtual and physical worlds, as well as multi-partner card programs.

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Last modified: October 24, 2003

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